The Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada and the Khafre at...

The Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada and the Khafre at Giza The ominous green light beams upward piercing the Las Vegas sky. This laser, the brightest artificial light on Earth, beckons curious seekers to its base, a thirty story replica of the Egyptian pyramid of Khafre at Giza. Khafres Pyramid, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, gives an understanding of the Egyptian culture over 4000 years age. Located within the spectacular city of Las Vegas, Nevada, the Luxor Hotel and Casino creates a bridge between ancient Egyptian architecture with futuristic technology. Completed on October 15, 1993, the Luxor Hotel gives its patrons a taste of ancient Egypt. With 600 feet on each side at the base, this huge building contains 2,526†¦show more content†¦This pyramid, in all practicality, acted as a tomb for the great Egyptian king Khafre. Though slowly deteriorating, the Khafre Pyramid was originally finished with a sheath of polished limestone. This limestone finish gave the pyramid a sense of elegance and beauty. Sadly today, only a small portion of the finish is intact at the pinnacle of the pyramid; the rest has fallen victim to time. The measurements of this pyramid is 140 meters high with a 216 meter square base. Its angle is about 52 degrees. This mountain of masonry contained passageways and chambers filled with Egyptian treasures honoring the dead king. Incidentally, there is a religious aspect to the Great Pyramid. In Egyptian religion, death brought on immortality to the king; Egyptian pharaohs were revered as gods. According to S tokstad, the immense monuments reflect not only the desire of a [king] to attain immortality but also the strength of the Egyptians belief that a deceased ruler continued to affect the well-being of the state and his people from beyond the grave. It was believed by Egyptians that gods slept in the Great Pyramids. Once sealed, there was no way into the pyramids; therefore, a perfect resting place for these gods. As for the labor force and time it took to build the monument, the Greek historian, Herodotus, believed the pyramid was build by 100,000 men [for about] twenty years. This project basically relieved any unemployment problems

Essay about Critical Response to the Turn of the Screw

Henry James’ novella the Turn of the Screw is a highly ambiguous piece of fiction. Set in Edwardian England, a very naà ¯ve woman is left in charge of two young children. The beautiful Bly however appears to be hiding a few dark secrets. The appearance of two ghosts plays on the governess’ mind, she comes to the conclusion the children are in danger and being possessed by these two horrors. Throughout the novella James successfully creates a mystical atmosphere, his ambiguous style forces us to think twice about what is written and decide for ourselves whether or not this is purely a ghost story or something far more sinister. However after several reads and a close look behind the words, it becomes clear that the ‘ghosts’ that haunt the†¦show more content†¦A woman as fanciful and dreamy as this in such a position is not going to survive. As we continue to read this novella we must notice the governess’ wild and unnecessary use of elaborate adjectives to describe the simplest of things. Her style of writing in itself is quite romantic and poetic, full of metaphors and oxymorons. However sometimes her choice of words is so prompting we must take a closer look into perhaps a double or triple meaning. When she first sights the ghost of Peter Quint on top of the house she is able to describe his position with amazing precision in note of the fact she was some distance from him and her sighting was quite brief. She comments â€Å"he stood at an angle, tall and erect†¦ he fixed me with a hard gaze† and when yet again she confides in Mrs Grouse she gives a very elaborate description commenting on his â€Å"tight red curls, pale face, long in shape, small tiny whickers, darker arched eyebrows and the fact that he had no hat†. The governess even uses phrases such as â€Å"the intercourse of our conve rsation added to the intensity of our meeting† in description of everyday things such as normal conversation. The governess certainly has deeper meaning behind most of her words. The last and most important point in regards to the governess’ repressed sexual desires is her highly inappropriate and unprofessional behaviour with both her pupils, in particular Miles. There is a constant underlying power struggle between the two. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Nameless Governess in The Turn of the Screw: Hero or Villain?1181 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpretations and retelling or rewriting of the events. One critical response by Edmund Wilson regarded the Governess as hallucinatory. Suggesting that the ghosts she saw were so detailed that they were of her own imagining. â€Å"The governess is viewed as an unreliable narrator, either neurotic or actually insane; and the children are considered either uncorrupted or corrupted by the treatment of the governess herself (Henry James, The Turn of the Screw – Introduction).† He further goes on to suggest thatRead MoreEssay Finding Meaning in The Turn of The Screw, by Henry James2788 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   At first glance, Bly appears to be a rather lonely place. The vividly bleak backdrop for The Turn of the Screw houses a handful of servants, two orphaned children, and ghosts who fade in and out of view. But there are others present who are less obtrusive yet just as influential as Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. Peering into and out of Blys windows and mirrors, engaging with the text and the lingering trace of author Henry James, a crowd of real and virtual readers hope to catch a glimpseRead MoreEnn315-Turn of the Screw2040 Words   |  9 Pages‘The Turn of the Screw is essentially an ambivalent text. Its narrative prompts divergent, even opposite readings, but does not reconcile them. What happens remains irrevocably uncertain’ James uses the prologue to the novel to introduce the themes with in this Novella but more importantly he encourages the readers to be active in reading between the lines , and not to accept what is said at face value , James achieves this by surrounding Douglass with a group of people who are clearly andRead MoreEnn315-Turn of the Screw2028 Words   |  9 Pages‘The Turn of the Screw is essentially an ambivalent text. Its narrative prompts divergent, even opposite readings, but does not reconcile them. What happens remains irrevocably uncertain’ James uses the prologue to the novel to introduce the themes with in this Novella but more importantly he encourages the readers to be active in reading between the lines , and not to accept what is said at face value , James achieves this by surrounding Douglass with a group of people who are clearly and intentlyRead MoreHenry James, the Art of Fiction and the Turn on the Screw3624 Words   |  15 Pages1. Henry James’s theory of the novel, introduced in his critical essay The Art of Fiction, has been considered as â€Å"playing an important part in the definition of the new conventions of the modernist novel† (Dobrinescu, 203). The theory’s central point or main concern has to do with, as Hopkins considers, â€Å"taking the novel (and, consequently, theoretical discussion of the novel) seriously†. For James, the novel corresponds to the ultimate art form and it should have a position the community as suchRead MoreNt 2 - Applications Of Engineering Comp onents2005 Words   |  9 Pagessits between the engine block and the cylinder head in an internal combustion engine. The cylinder is used to make sure the maximum compression and avoiding of leakage is succeeded of the coolant engine oil into the cylinders as such it is the most critical sealing used in the automobile and in any engine, As part of the combustion chamber components. This type of gasket is made up of three layers of steel. The contact faces are usually coated with a rubberish coating such as Viton that fits nicelyRead MoreFm Radio Transmitter1787 Words   |  8 Pagesamplified by the electrets microphone is fed into the audio amplifier stage built around the first transistor. Output from the collector is fed into the base of the second transistor where it modulates the resonant frequency of the tank circuit (the 5 turn coil and the trim cap) by varying the junction capacitance of the transistor. Junction capacitance is the function of the potential difference appli ed to the base of the transistor. The tank circuit is connected in a colpitt’s oscillator circuit. Read MoreHouse Wiring5271 Words   |  22 Pageselectric wiring. These are - service entry, branch circuit and panel board.    Service Entry:   The point in the house where the electrical service goes from the main grid into the home is called as ‘service entry’. Service entry is considered as a critical point in basic electrical wiring. You must make sure that the entry lines are at least ten feet above the ground and inaccessible from the  window. It should be free of obstructions like tree branches. The service entry should be installed in theRead MoreElectronic Milk Tester by Reil5486 Words   |  22 PagesA/S Foss Electric of Denmark, and assembly of Electronic Milk Tester (EMT) in SKD form, from kits supplied by the collaborator, initially. The Company has rapidly absorbed and assimilated the technology, successfully indigenized the product, and in response to customer requirements, designed it on micro-controller technology to suit the needs of the Indian customers. Thus, the auto-zero EMT was introduced in the market in the year 1990. The Company has also successfully integrated the products intoRead MoreProject Report on Radio Controlled Aircraft14667 Words   |  59 Pagesaircraft that is controlled remotely, typically with a hand-held transmitter and a receiver within the craft. The receiver controls the corresponding servos that move the control surfaces based on the position of joysticks on the transmitter, which in turn affect the orientation of the plane. Flying RC aircraft as a hobby has been growing worldwide with the advent of more efficient motors (both electric and miniature internal combustion or jet engines), lighter and more powerful batteries and

Effects of cartoons on children free essay sample

In light of the recent Super Bowl debacle, the harmful effects of media on children have once again become a hot topic in this country. One of societys most important and sacred responsibilities is to mold the future leaders of the U. S. during their impressionable years. Janet Jacksons breast baring has awoken America and moved legislators to remove lurid material from radio and TV. I recently testified in front of the House of Representatives to push for increased fines against broadcasters that air and performances that contain unsuitable content. However, what the mainstream press is not discussing is the adverse effects of animation on children. Kid friendly channels like Cartoon Network are no longer safe with its adult programming. Like the use of the cartoon character Joe Camel, children and their parents see cartoons and think safe product. But as we have learned that it’s harmful to give cigarettes to six-year-olds, we need to address the dangerous effects ofSpace Ghost and Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law on our children as well. Cartoon related injuries are a serious topic that America has been avoiding for years. Dozen of our children each year fall prey to being over stimulated by crazed and/or super-powered characters. How many times will children be hurt under the guise of having fun? It is a note to AWNs balanced coverage of the animation community that it is willing to publish my case study on the adverse effects that cartoons have had on our youth. What you read may be disturbing, but as a concerned parent, grandparent or court appointed guardian, this article is a must read. Afterwards, hopefully each of you will join my call to ban all harmful cartoons. The first reported toon-related incident occurred in 1914, when a 9-year-old upstate New York boy fell from his pony while pretending to be Winsor McCay atop Gertie the Dinosaur. The prep school student was already an experienced rider, but was distracted during a routine trot by fanciful thoughts of bare-backing a brontosaurus. After the release ofSteamboat Willie in 1928, the number of cases of toon-related injuries skyrocketed. Strangely enough one of the most publicized Willie ward cases as the hospitals use to call them – was from the same upstate New York town that the aforementioned Gertie fiasco occurred. Many scholars in the field of toon-agedies have looked into the susceptibility of the New England states to toon-related occurrences. Some have linked it to harmful levels of cod in the groundwater, but others feel its simply due to the regions loose liberal attitudes. In the fall of 1928, young Dickie Johnson decided to take the family yacht for a spin around the lake. Unfortunately, the small boy was not yet an accomplished sea-fairing captain and he crashed the family heirloom into the dock, ruining his sister’s otherwise splendid cotillion. This incident spurred the first toon-related injury lawsuit. Dickies father, Gaylord Johnson, filed the case against Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks on charges of corrupting a minor and inciting mischief. When Dickie took the stand in the summer of 1929, he told the jury, I thought if a lowly, common mouse could drive a boat, surely I could too. In other damning testimony, the boys mother, Mrs. Virginia Johnson said, After seeing that crazed mouse in the theater, Dickie became a hellion. He just wouldnt stop tormenting the cat. He even fashioned his father’s ascots into a nest! Disney, not one to flinch from adversity, stood his ground. The case is officially still on the books. Luckily, after a short institutional stay, young Johnson grew out of his Mickey Mouse fixation and ended up founding the hugely successful Orkin Extermination franchise. Such cases grew and grew, as animated shorts became a staple in movie theaters around the world. However, a large spike in reported cases can be seen in 1937 with the release of the first animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. As chronicled in the Journal of Modern Psychology, hundreds of reports of children being poisoned by tainted apples during Halloween came flooding into police stations across the United States. Grumpy, Doc and their animated housemates were now unhinging the fragile minds of the mentally unstable. The film also garnered the distinction of gaining the first reported toon-related injury to a young girl. That up until this point, only boys had been traumatized can be attributed to the fact that most parents did not let their daughters leave their rooms until the start of World War II, when they went to work in munitions factories. In 1938 after viewing Snow White, 16-year-old Isabel Hart was inspired to take laudanum in a deluded attempt to secure a date to the fall formal. Subsequently, the teenager slipped into a coma for a week. Her mother, Rosie Hart, told the The Local Paper, I dont know what she was thinking. Me and her step-mom wouldnt have let her go to the dance anyway. She has chores to do. Like young Dickie Johnson, Isabel was rehabilitated after a four-year stint in the Lehigh County Metal Institute. After her release she went on to gain a solid job as a social worker helping neglected children. Undoubtedly, her toon-related incident spurred her desire to help other afflicted youth. Years later, Hart sued the Walt Disney Co. for copyright infringement on the feature film, Cinderella. Cases of toon-related injuries persistently increased each year after. However, yet another great rise in the number of incidents came in the dawn of television animation in 1956. For the late part of the 1950s, children didn’t begin speaking at a normal age, directly attributed to Gerald McBoing Boing. Many professional psychologists and government officials feared that it was a secret Communist plot to under-develop American childrens minds. Former Senator Joseph McCarthy even re-ignited his Communist fight against UPA and CBS the shows broadcasters soon after the series started airing. In an interview shortly before his death in 1957, McCarthy said in the magazine Capitalists For a Better Tomorrow, Its got red inked all over it. You know what UPA really stands for? Undemocratic Pinkoes for America. After McCarthys passing, many Boing-busters, as they were called, fought to have the show removed from airwaves. The group later lobbied against all harmful television productions. One of the group’s 1960 promotional pamphlets stated that, the avante-guard imagery in TV cartoons is clearly hallucinogenic and will inspire ruthless and care-free behavior in our young children when they grow older. Plus, they’re not funny. This idea later grew more prominent as the group compiled volumes of evidence against cartoon makers, showing thousands of examples of beat-nick behavior within many theatrical and television characters. The Boing-busters later discovered proof linking the entire hippie movement of the 1960s and 1970s to mind altering cartoons. Mina Joyless, president of Boing-busters during those turbulent years, in her plea to the U. S. congress in 1969, said, We can directly link this new generations confused sexual identity to Looney Tunes shorts. Bug Bunny often gleefully without shame cross-dresses. In one such short, Bugs Bunny marries Elmer Fudd, who wears a white wedding dress. The homoerotic undertones are obvious, but what is more disturbing in the prevalence of bestiality. The case against animation was weakened once a liberal study released at U. C. Berkeley presented the notion that the U.S. school system was a far greater factor in the under-development of American youth than anything seen on television. Though the scholars were later discredited by allegations that they drank wine in a hot tub, unfortunately, the damage to The Cause had already been done. Though they failed to rid television and movie houses of damaging cartoons, Boing-buster did however, bring toon-agedies into the public consciousness. No longer could animators hide their willy-nilly leftist thoughts under the guise of childrens entertainment. America was taking note of the harmful mental and physical damage that cartoons were producing. However, with everything good comes some bad. Films like Fritz the Cat, Yellow Submarine and Mad Monster Party? were now free to say, Okay you figured us out and make cartoons with no shackles of self-restraint. Luckily, the conservative Reagan administration of the 1980s created a more sterile environment in America. Brilliant marketing by the Boing-busters made U. S. audiences disregard liberal art animations as flower power frivolities, rendering them uncool to the younger generation. Cartoons like The Care Bears and The Get-A-Long Gang acted as sedative elements in childrens lives, counteracting the detrimental effects of Woody Woodpecker, Tom Slick and Tom Jerryreruns. However, the decade did see the most publicized toon-related injury case ever brought to court. The complex lawsuit was brought against all the major cartoon studios for years of continued mental anguish, reckless endangerment and inciting criminal acts. This court case was the first brought against a cartoon creator by an adult who was first afflicted as a child. The family of Devin Grimm filed the suit against Walt Disney, MGM, Universal, Fox and Warner Bros. for years of mental abuse. The case rested on the foundation that between the ages of 2 and 17, Devin had watched approximately 20,956 hours of animation. The daily â€Å"toon† onslaught had left Mr. Grimm mentally unstable, socially inept and tragically â€Å"unhip. † Like many other caring modern parents of the atomic age, Devin’s mom and dad thought the TV would raise their kid to be a useful member of society like many scientists of the time believed. Instead, their son was turned into a reclusive and dangerous lunatic. By age five, Devins parents Mac and Beth Grimm, noticed that their son had developed strange speech patterns, pronouncing rs as ws and ending sentences with beep, beep. † He would only speak seven phrases â€Å"heavens to mergatroid, Whats up doc? , Thats all folks, Exit†¦ stage left, No need to fear. Devin is here and This program was brought to you by the rich chocolaty taste of Ovaltine. His parents were generally unconcerned, finding the behavior rather cute. However, his seemingly innocent cartoon-induced impersonations turned into a nightmare overnight on the first day of kindergarten. Much like any number of famous cartoon characters that flashed through his brain Devin came unglued. If he wasn’t sitting in the corner pounding his head with a large mallet or defiantly trying to disprove the laws of gravity, he was perched atop a row of tall file cabinets screaming, â€Å"Ah, ah, ey, ey, tookie, tookie! † Throughout his elementary school years and into his tweens, Grimm was kicked out of school after school. This is the period where his superhero obsession took hold. So convinced he had superpowers, he would refuse to take off his cape and eat his mothers meatloaf, running away from the table screaming â€Å"You’re trying to rob me of my powers with that insidious Kryptonite log. † He suffered minor burns one night trying to summon the powers of Greyskull with a metal spatula thrust into an exposed light socket. Moreover, signs of a split personality surfaced, when he began maniacally tying female classmates to cafeteria benches, then leaping back to save them later after changing into various odd leotards in a nearby janitor’s closet. As Devin reached his teens his behavior became more deviant and more violent. At age 13, Devin started smoking corn cob pipes exclusively and muttering cocky statements under his breath. No female student teacher was safe from his wolf whistles, howls and screams of â€Å"Aoogah! † In 1984 at age 15, soon after his parents divorce, Devin became very reclusive and began watching more and more cartoons, refusing to watch more normal teenage male programming like sports and sitcoms like Charlies Angels or Mr. Belvedere. During the trial Mrs. Grimm observed, This was the time he began sawing the furniture and speaking in a Canadian accent. We thought it was some kind of teen fad. Grimm’s obsession with animation had by now grown into a full-blown addiction. Much like a junky, Grimm had to feed his need for the most obscure animated programming at any cost. At first, he just borrowed money to purchase bootlegs copies of films like Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs, Thank You Mask Man, and Private Snafus Booby Traps. He left a trail of worthless IOUs all over town. He started devising irrational schemes to gain cash. He was once found at a Williams Sonoma frantically rubbing a copper kettle screaming, â€Å"It’s mine all mine, all mine! † In another incident, he threatened to shoot chickens in the frozen foods section at a local supermarket with a Super Soaker filled with BBQ sauce if they didnt lay a golden egg. Unable to show his face at any of the town’s video stores, Devin hatched a plot to get his hands on a complete collection of Krazy Kat. After eating three cans of spinach and painting anchors all over his face, Devin hid out all night on the roof of Bob’s Video store, where he had hoisted an anvil by a rope and lay in wait for the owner to open up shop. At 9:00 am the next morning, as the owner approached, Devin’s ill-fated plan went awry. Not realizing the rope was also wrapped around his foot, he let go of the anvil too soon, which landed 10 feet in front of the owner, pulling Devin off the roof and onto the rear bumper of a nearby Pinto, causing a tremendous explosion, which burned the hair off all the cats in the adjacent pet stores window display. Grimm was institutionalized after he was ruled not fit to stand trial for the assault. Dr. Buster Mirth took Devins case and soon learned the extent of damage cartoons had inflicted on the teenage boy. After two years of extensive counseling, Dr. Mirth urged the Grimms to file suit against the animation community. The case went to trial on March 7, 1989. Once, Devin took the stand the trail hit a fever pitch. After two hours of cross-examination the lead lawyer for the defense, Dean Gulberry, asked Devin, So Mr. Grimm, you cant maintain adult relations or hold a steady job. Are you blaming this all on cartoons? Devin replied, This doesn’t look like Miami Beach! I musta taken a wrong turn at Albuquerque I mean in adolescence and it has led me to this state, varmit. Race, Dr. Quest, quick, get the transfibulizer! Soon after, several of the studios settled out of court. 20th Century Fox continued on and was eventually acquitted. It seems that so few people had ever seen a Fox cartoon that no one could prove they had any real negative effect on society. Disney finally forced the lawsuit to be thrown out after convincing the judge that Grimms lawyer had stolen inflammatory animation cels from the companys dumpsters. At the age of 24, Devin was released from the mental institution. However, like most addicts, getting clean and going straight was just too much for him to handle. In 1992, after drifting in and out of halfway houses and homeless shelters, Grimm took a job as a writer on the USA Network animated series, Duckman. As the 1990s rolled in, toon-agedies reached an all-time high. The appalling effects of such irreverent cartoons asThe Simpsons, South Park and Pokemon, have been so well documented I will not delve into them here. Pepe LePew cartoons have been linked to teen pregnancy, Goofy shorts to careless â€Å"extreme sports† injuries and Snorksto scores of teen suicides. When will this stop? We must follow the example of Turkey and take broadcasters of detrimental cartoons off the air. Future generations need to be free to grow up unabated from the tyrannical thumb of cartoonic oppression. Dr.Ruebert Saturnine III is a professor at the New Jersey Online University and is the current vice-president of the Boing-busters. He would like to wish you all a happy April Fool’s Day and thank iStockPhoto. com for the use of its images. Cartoons Triumph of the nerds The internet has unleashed a burst of cartooning creativity Dec 22nd 2012 IN 1989 Bill Watterson, the writer of â€Å"Calvin and Hobbes†, a brilliant comic strip about a six-year-old child and his stuffed tiger, denounced his industry. In a searing lecture, he attacked bland, predictable comics, churned out by profit-driven syndicates. Cartooning, said Mr Watterson, â€Å"will never be more than a cheap, brainless commodity until it is published differently. † In 2012 he is finally getting his way. As the newspaper industry continues its decline, the funnies pages have decoupled from print. Instead of working for huge syndicates, or for censored newspapers with touchy editors, cartoonists are now free to create whatever they want. Whether it is cutting satire about Chinese politics, or a simple joke about being a dog, everything can win an audience on the internet. This burst of new life comes as cartoons seemed to be in terminal decline. Punch, once a fierce political satire magazine whose cartoons feature in almost every British history textbook, finally closed its doors in 2002. The edgier Viz magazine, which sold a million copies an issue in the early 1990s, now sells 65,000. In the United States, of the sprawling EC Comics stable, only Mad magazine remains, its circulation down from 2. 1m in 1974 to 180,000. Meanwhile, the American newspaper industry, home of the cartoon strip, now makes less in advertising revenue than at any time since the 1950s. Cartoons go way back before newspapers. They have their origins in the caricatures and illustrations of early modern Europe. In Renaissance Germany and Italy, woodcuts and mezzotint prints were used to add pictures to books. By the 18th century simple cartoons, or caricatures, circulated in London coffee shops, lampooning royalty, society and politicians. Popular engravers such as William Hogarth and James Gillray came up with tricks we now take for granted: speech bubbles to show dialogue and sequential panels to show time passing. But it was the combination of the rotary printing press, mass literacy and capitalism which really created the space for comic art to flourish. In Britain Punch coined the term â€Å"cartoon† in 1843 to describe its satirical sketches, which soon spread to other newspapers. In the United States, the modern comic strip emerged as a by-product of the New York newspaper wars between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst in the late 19th century. In 1895 Pulitzer’sSunday World published a cartoon of a bald child with jug ears and buck teeth dressed in a simple yellow shirt: the Yellow Kid. The cartoon gave the name to the new mass media that followed: â€Å"yellow journalism†. Newspapers filled with sensationalist reporting sold millions. They even started wars. But in an era before television and film, it was the cartoons—filled with images of the city and stories of working-class living—which sold the newspapers. With most papers reporting much the same news, cartoons were an easy way for proprietors to differentiate their product. After the success of the Yellow Kid, both Pulitzer and Hearst introduced extensive comic supplements in their Sunday papers. Like the papers that printed them, comics rose and died quickly: the Yellow Kid lasted barely three years. But as the newspaper industry overall grew, so too did the funnies pages. By the mid-1920s one cartoonist, Bud Fisher, was paid $250,000 a year for â€Å"Mutt and Jeff†. By 1933, of 2,300 daily American papers, only two, the New York Times and the Boston Transcript, published no cartoons. That was the golden age. During the second world war, paper rationing forced comic strips to shrink on both sides of the Atlantic. Afterwards, the rise of television news culled the number of dailies and all but wiped out evening papers. With less competition, newspapers relied less on cartoons to sell copies. Comic books filled some of the gap, but unlike the newspapers, these were mostly for children. By the 1980s most newspaper cartoon strips were controlled by a small group of syndicates whose executives saw them primarily as devices to sell licensed merchandise. Childish cartoons with weak, universal jokes thrived—think â€Å"Garfield†Ã¢â‚¬â€while more interesting artists struggled to find an outlet for their work. When authors retired, successful strips were handed down to new artists like real estate to avoid jeopardising merchandise revenues. â€Å"Mutt and Jeff†Ã¢â‚¬â€tired by the 1950s—continued until 1982.

Othello Roles Of Cassio, Roderigo, And Brabantio, And Their Functions

Othello: Roles of Cassio, Roderigo, and Brabantio, and their functions From Shakespeare's play Othello, this paper will be discussing the roles of Cassio, Roderigo and Brabantio, and their functions. First, Cassio. Cassio is an honourable lieutenant and a soldier, who is very loyal and caring towards his commanding officer, Othello, as shown in one of many places, act two scene one line 45-48 when he is concerned about Othello's well being because he has been lost at sea and says: Thanks, you the valiant of this warlike isle, That so approve the Moor! O, let the heavens Give him the defense against the elements, For I have lost him on a dangerous sea In the beginning of the play Cassio is appointed to the position of lieutenant by Othello, so Cassio at first has his highest respect, until later in the play where Othello believes he is having an affair with Desdemona. Cassio's role in the play is not one of the extremely important ones. His main function is to be a figure who's actions are partially responsible for Othello believing that his wife is cheating on him. For example, Cassio asking for Desdemona's help leads to the two of them being seen together, which is in act three scene three line 35. In the end of the play, Cassio becomes the governor in Cyprus after the former Governor, Othello, commits suicide, in act five scene two from line 366-378, which shows another of his functions, to act as one of the means which ties up the loose ends at the end of the play. Now, Roderigo. Roderigo is a foolish, cheated, gulled, dimwit. Basically, his function in the play is to act as a lackey towards Iago. His obedience towards Iago can be compared to that of Lennie Small towards George Milton in the book Of Mice and Men, By John Steinbeck. He does whatever Iago tells him to do, consistently in the hope of obtaining Desdemona's love. He never realizes that his chances for ever getting anywhere with her are just about non-existent. He frequently gives valuables to Iago to give to Desdemona, which Roderigo tells of for the first time in the second line of the play, but Iago keeps everything for himself. Near the end of the play Roderigo is killed by Iago after he tries to ambush Cassio on Iago's instructions. This occurs in act five scene one, in line 62. He only functions as a means for Iago to carry out his hateful plans. Finally, Brabantio. Brabantio's role is that he is the father of Desdemona. He is one of the lesser developed characters in the play, as well as being the main figure in the initial conflict in the play, in which he is opposed to Othello and Desdemona's marriage, as initially shown in act one scene one line 144 when he reacts angrily after being told of the elopement by Iago and Roderigo. He says: Strike on the tinder, ho! Give me a taper! Call up all my people! This accident is not unlike my dream. Belief of it oppresses me already. Light, I say, light! This sparks the audience's interest at the beginning of the play, and sets the stage for Iago to start fully carrying out his plans and the real difficulties for Othello and Desdemona to begin. The three characters we have talked about all are not the most major characters in the play, but they provide a great deal of variety to the storyline with their various character twists. Roderigo, for instance, is somewhat of a foil, that is, a contrast to the character of Cassio. While Roderigo is easily fooled and manipulated by Iago, Cassio takes a lot more manoeuvring. For an illustration of this, refer to act two scene three up to line 113 where Iago has to continuously persist in trying to get Cassio to continue drinking. Also, Cassio is more of a romancer with women, as shown in act two scene one line 63-67 where Cassio "pours his language on a little thick" in an attempt to impress those of the female gender nearby. Meanwhile, Roderigo is a coward and is afraid to approach the woman he loves, instead he attempts

Employment Relations

Employment relations can be defined as the existing affiliation between an employee and his employer or between employees. This is a relationship that is categorically witnessed in all organizations despite their levels or mode of operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is however a challenge to always uphold good employment relations between people in an organization because disagreements are by nature inevitable and are usually expressed in different ways. Nonetheless, conflict can both be positive or negative and thus generating different kinds of consequences on the work environment. Positive conflict can be a motivation for higher productivity as well as breed creativity and better decision making practices among the workforce. Negative conflicts on the other hand can increase the obstacles to both individual and organizational efficiency. The incl ination to conceal disparities within a company rather than tackling them, more often than not results in negative effects. This is because differences often cause no or poor communication and when viewpoints and other information is not sufficiently shared, the possibility of unveiling errors and taking risks is considerably lowered. In addition, there may also be a loss of interest in work and thus increased stress, lack of motivation and sometimes can result in absenteeism or disruption among employees. Employees are very essential for the flourishing and survival of an organization because no company can run without them. It is therefore imperative to ensure the comfort of employees and for good employment relations to be built and extended there are certain advantages and legal constitutions that have to be established for the sake of the workforce (Bamber, Lansbury and Wailes 2004). Every company has its own dynamics of employment relations that work for both its employees, em ployers and the whole organization. As for the fast food industry globally employment relations remains quite essential. This paper is concerned with the employment and work relations in the fast food industries in Germany and United states as compared to those of Singapore. Fast food restaurants are a great convenience for the modern person and have been for many years. The first fast food chain which is McDonalds was initially opened on April 1955 and to date many other fast food chain restaurants have entered the market all over the globe.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to McDonalds, Taco Bell, Burger King, Pizza hut and Wimpy are some of the other examples of fast food restaurants that are in the global market. As the number of fast food restaurants increased, the job opportunities increased as well. Thus, with the coming on of such a large labor force the i ndustry at that instant faced the responsibility of coming up with models of labour management in order to handle the workforce (Royle and Towers 2002). Being the pioneering fast food chain, most of the fast food industries chose to assume the McDonald’s model of labour management. There are two sides of argument on the labour management policies and practices. The critics usually depict employers as offering low-wage work that is often unchallenging and monotonous to the workers. On the other hand, the supporters of the management policies argue that the fast food industry offers young workers training and preparation opportunities as well as the prospects of building up a career and course into employment. Although this interpretation portrays that fast food work does not signify a long-term career for most of the people who do it, either of these two standpoints is a clear indication of the kind of alliance that exists between an employer and his/her employees. Industrial relations, work organization and human resource management can be referred to be the main points of focus in labour management and employment relations. In connection to the same, there are also numerous themes identified, which relate to the alignment of preferences in the fast food employment relations. These are such as the personnel not having enough knowledge on industrial relations or they do not like certain features of work management, yet they react positively to other aspects of human resource management policies and practices. They could also be the issue of the personnel lacking sufficient information of general labour management issues. In addition, as they get older, most of the young workers seem to grow an aversion to the aspects of fast food labour. Luckily, there are a few of them with particular unique characteristics who seem to continue liking the McDonalds approach even as they age. With Singapore being in the Southeast Asian region of the Asian Continent, and Germany and United States being in the European and North American continents respectively, there are obviously bound to have differences in all aspects of operations including the employment industries as well as the characteristics of work and employment relations and labour management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However with McDonalds, which is an American franchise, being the current market leader of the fast-food industry in Singapore and Germany, similarities in employment relations are also highly expected. Generally, employers in America have a great deal of freedom on establishing the conditions of employment in their companies as compared to other employers in the other industrialized nations. In relation to the fast food industry, its progression was largely based on the promise of low prices and quick services. As a result, the profitability is greatly reliant on keeping the labour and operation costs down. However, the increasing number of fast-food restaurants and chains has led to sturdy and competitive pressure in a background that allows employers significant discretions and yet does not guarantee the employees to have a say in control of the working conditions. This in turn attributed to low paid wages, negligible benefits, stretched recruitment of staff and added efforts to increase labour. On the other hand, Germany has its own model known as the model of co-determination. It is based on indirect participation with selected worker representatives and formal organizations with rights that are supported in law. There are three pieces of legislation that cover private businesses and one of them is the 1952/1972 Works Constitution Act, which concentrates on co-determination at the workplace through various forms of works councils and one form of co-determination at board level for limited liability companies that ha ve over 500 employees. This Act presents for a works council in any business that has five or more employees who are beyond 18 years of age. The works councils have certain responsibilities and powers and thus can make proposals to an employer and in fact, in some areas where the works council has co-determination rights, an employer cannot go against the decisions or wishes of the works council. However, in the case of Singapore, there was a consolidation of various labour laws and policies by the government in 1968 which led to the introduction of the Employment Act and the amendment of the Industrial Relations Act. By leaving out matters such as promotions, transfers, retirement, retrenchment, dismissals and work assignments the latter Act gave a lot of authority to the employer as it left such concerns to be negotiated between the employers and employees. However, unlike in the United States, the Singapore government has incorporated some laws which counter the pro-employer bias and afford basic safety to the employees. This law grants a 44-hour working week, 7 days paid annual leave, eleven public holidays, 28 days paid sick leave, two months paid maternity leave and an overtime rate of time as well as a half and double time on Sundays and public holidays (Perry et al,. 1997, p. 55).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Singapore’s government intentionally designed the employment laws and polices so as to regulate the labour market and despite an overwhelming manifestation of the state being pro-employer in the employment relations system, it is not easy to argue that workers have been meeting inadequate treatment. In the United States, various features of the fast-food industry have made organization of unions to be a challenge. For example, there is decentralization whereby workers are usually employed by franchisees rather than direct employment by the fast-food companies. In addition, the characteristics of jobs as well as the nature of the jobs create more obstacles to the process of unionization. Conversely, union membership is very high in Singapore as the most significant measure that the government launched was to give employees the right to choose whether or not to join a union. There was intentional build up of hawker centers in all the public housing estates by the Singapore gove rnment after the national independence in 1965, which was meant to accommodate both the merchants as well as the patrons. However, in the 1990s, many of these hawker centers began to renovate themselves in order to bear a resemblance to the ‘food courts’ originating in American shopping malls. Despite McDonald’s Restaurants having a high degree of centralized control, it was unexpectedly, not the first American-styled fast-food restaurant to be founded in Singapore. Before it was A W’s Restaurants and Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises, which were introduced in Singapore through a structure of local franchising that was there in the 1970s (Royle and Towers 2002). In the United States, the fast-food industry predominantly employs young people of about 20 years or younger who mostly view their jobs as temporary with plans of moving on to other fields of employment. When McDonalds was initially established in Singapore, the most significant event is that the headquarters team was filled with experienced and highly qualified professionals with most of them being university graduates who had worked as managerial level executives before joining McDonalds. Restaurant managers on the other hand were mainly secondary school leavers while the crew workers had low levels of educational credentials. Like in the United States, most of the crew employees were part-time workers and most especially individuals who had other full time commitments such as young people in full-time education or mothers with school-going children. The extreme routinization of work is a common feature observed in the fast-food industry in these three countries. Routinization of work refers to when each worker repeatedly executes a limited number of errands and does it according to the directives that are given by management. Routinization is especially made easy when an industry is dominated by a workforce of young, inexperienced part-time employees who do not settle on the job for long. This ends up minimizing if not virtually eliminating, as in the case of the fast food industry, the need or opportunity for workers to exercise diplomacy. Most of the fast-food restaurants have adapted this sort of standardization due to the several benefits it affords them. Managerial control over the operation is dully increased and wage costs are cut through the elimination of the need to hire skilled workers who demand higher salaries. Simplified jobs are easy and quick to learn thus making employers less dependent on experienced skill and workers. Routinization also proffers the competence to uphold consistent results or products. Since the advertising campaigns always promise fast-food customers to provide a particular standard of food and services, they ensure the delivery of those promises by propagating clear-cut instructions that specify every detail of the food preparation as well as the customer service (Bamber, Lansbury and Wailes 2004). Technology has also changed and greatly influenced our lives immensely. This includes the introduction of the internet, electronic mails, which have drastically affected the working environment and employment relations as well. Over the years, there has been progressive introduction of several technologically advanced machines that have standardized the work of crew workers and minimized the amount of skills required. These are such grills and fry vats that have lights and buzzes to guide workers, food products that only require heating, rehydration or assembling, computerized cash registers that can calculate tax, give change and monitor work. There are also computerized systems which help in scheduling work shifts, handling payroll, ordering supplies and monitoring of sales, inventories and waste. In Singapore, the unions criticized fast-food companies for the pay levels, conditions of employment and their negative reactions in regard to the election of work councils. However, the establishment of a human resource management program that fostered corporate values and discouraged employee resistance. In Germany there was an establishment of a new employers’ federation known as the BdS (Bundesverband der Systemgastronomie) to provide a lobbying vehicle, which negotiated with the NGG for a collective agreement (Royle and Towers 2002). In conclusion it is evident that employees are the backbone of the fast food industry and proper labour management laws and regulations should be put in place to address their needs. In return for getting profits from products and services sold by the company, management should employ staff to carry out tasks and responsibilities according to job specifications and pay the employees for their services. This is a practice that should be upheld in all sectors including the fast food industry. Furthermore even with the constantly changing workforce, proper training should be given to all and new employees so as yield the orderly and quick s ervice that every client expects. Royle Towers (2002, p. 85) opines that â€Å"this could be done successfully using an effective employee manual to train new employees on what is expected of them in regard to the general practices and procedures of proper employee conduct.† Reference List Bamber, G. Lansbury, R. Wailes, N. 2004. International and comparative employment relations: globalisation and the developed market economies. London: Sage. Royle, T. Towers, B. 2002. Labour relations in the global fast-food industry. New York, NY: Routledge. This essay on Employment Relations was written and submitted by user Elle Spears to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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